alsD

acetolactate decarboxylase

locus: BSU_36000

pI: 4.60

mw: 28.65 kDa

protein length: 255 aa

gene length: 768 bp

function: overflow metabolism

product: acetolactate decarboxylase

essential: no

ec: 4.1.1.5

synonyms

Genomic Context

categories

• [category|SW 2|Metabolism] → [category|SW 2.2|Carbon metabolism] → [category|SW 2.2.1|Carbon core metabolism] → [category|SW 2.2.1.5|Overflow metabolism]
• [category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.4|Phosphoproteins] → [category|SW 6.4.8|Phosphorylation on either a Ser, Thr or Tyr residue]

Gene

Coordinates: 3,708,799 3,709,566

Phenotypes of a mutant

• reduced acetoin production [pubmed|31113899]
• impaired biofilm development [pubmed|31113899]

The protein

Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity

• (2S)-2-acetolactate + H⁺ --> (R)-acetoin + CO₂ (according to UniProt)

Protein family

• alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase family (single member, according to UniProt)

Modification

• phosphorylated on ser/ thr/ tyr [Pubmed|16493705], ''in vitro'' phosphorylated by [protein|23FF4A00C36EC1B7297F51A9EF3579B41F0B7EBA|PrkC] on Ser-88 [Pubmed|20389117]

Structure

• [PDB|5XNE] [pubmed|29796971]

Expression and Regulation

Operons

• genes: [gene|AAA45830B9C5428CADFA5551D33B513E9B1B7C8E|alsS]-[gene|355E70F55A28C6C2C24E8E326EFB673AC303FBEE|alsD]
  description: [Pubmed|7685336]

  sigma factors

  • [protein|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|SigA]: sigma factor, [Pubmed|7685336], in [regulon|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|SigA regulon]

  regulatory mechanism

  • [protein|8BA7714236EBFDBB9987F1DACC9775AD974C743E|AlsR]: activation, in the presence of acetate [Pubmed|7685336], in [regulon|8BA7714236EBFDBB9987F1DACC9775AD974C743E|AlsR regulon]
  • [protein|B5EF521437323EF43F08E5EFDB5C798616CA499A|Rex]: repression, if the ratio NADH2/NAD is high [Pubmed|16428414], in [regulon|B5EF521437323EF43F08E5EFDB5C798616CA499A|Rex regulon]
  • [regulon|stringent response|stringent response]: positive regulation, due to presence of adenines at +1 and +2 positions of the transcript [Pubmed|20081037], in [regulon|stringent response|stringent response]

  regulation

  • induction by acetate ([protein|8BA7714236EBFDBB9987F1DACC9775AD974C743E|AlsR]) [Pubmed|30039521,7685336]
  • expression is heterogeneous [pubmed|29809139]
  • expression of the operon is strongly induced at the beginning of [SW|biofilm formation] [pubmed|31113899]

Biological materials

Mutant

• BKE36000 ([gene|355E70F55A28C6C2C24E8E326EFB673AC303FBEE|alsD]::erm trpC2) available at [http://www.bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKE36000 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_CATATTTCCCTTCACTCCTT, downstream forward: _UP4_TAAAAGAAAAAAAGAAAGCC
• BKK36000 ([gene|355E70F55A28C6C2C24E8E326EFB673AC303FBEE|alsD]::kan trpC2) available at [http://www.bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKK36000 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_CATATTTCCCTTCACTCCTT, downstream forward: _UP4_TAAAAGAAAAAAAGAAAGCC

Expression vectors

• for expression, purification in ''E. coli'' with N-terminal Strep-tag, in [SW|pGP172]: pGP822, available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab, [pubmed|20389117]

References

• 19087206,10986270,16428414,16493705,7685336,16428414,20081037,20389117,24734205,22178965,29809139,29796971,23985082,30039521,31113899